Clinical Insights

At MLM Medical Labs, PBMC isolations and flow cytometry succcessfully work hand-in-hand in drug discovery and development, particularly in immunology and immunotherapy research.  Following is a real-world example:

PBMCs and Flow Cytometry : Evaluating T-Cell Activation in Immunotherapy Development

Context

A leading biopharma company is developing a checkpoint inhibitor targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway for cancer immunotherapy. To evaluate the drug’s efficacy, the company needs to assess how the treatment affects T-cell activation and proliferation, which are key indicators of immune system engagement.

Workflow

1. PBMC Isolation:
   Blood samples are collected from clinical trial participants. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) are isolated using density gradient centrifugation. High viability (>95%) and functionality of these cells are critical to ensure reliable downstream analysis.

2. In Vitro Stimulation:
   The isolated PBMCs are cultured and stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies to mimic T-cell activation. The experimental group is treated with the checkpoint inhibitor, while the control group receives a placebo.

3. Flow Cytometry Analysis:
   After incubation, flow cytometry is used to analyze the following:

   • T-cell Activation Markers: Expression of CD69 and CD25 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
   • Cytokine Production: Intracellular staining for IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α to assess immune response.
   • Proliferation: Using a proliferation dye (e.g., CFSE) to track cell division in response to stimulation.

4. Data Interpretation:
   Flow cytometry results reveal whether the checkpoint inhibitor enhances T-cell activation compared to the control. This includes an increase in activation markers, cytokine production, and proliferation rates.

Impact on Drug Development

• Mechanism of Action: Confirms the drug’s ability to relieve PD-1/PD-L1-mediated T-cell inhibition.
• Biomarker Discovery: Identifies biomarkers of response to the therapy, such as IFN-γ levels or PD-1 expression.
• Patient Stratification: Helps determine which patient populations are most likely to benefit from the therapy based on immune profiling.

This combined approach leverages the high cell viability and integrity achieved during PBMC isolation and the precision of flow cytometry for in-depth immune monitoring, making it indispensable for immunotherapy development.